异常模式检测旨在识别与正常偏差明显的情况，并且广泛适用于域。在现有技术中提出了多种异常的检测技术。但是，有一个常见的原则和可扩展的特征选择方法，以便有效发现。通常通过优化预测结果的性能而不是与预期的系统偏差来实现现有的特征选择技术。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于稀疏的自动特征选择（SAFS）框架，其通过特征驱动的大量比率的稀疏性编码系统的结果偏差。 SAF是一种模型 - 无可争议的方法，具有不同发现技术的可用性。 SAF在可在公开的关键护理数据集上验证时维持检测性能超过3倍，计算时间超过3美元。与特征选择的多个基线相比，SAF也会导致卓越的性能。

Text detoxification has the potential to mitigate the harms of toxicity by rephrasing text to remove offensive meaning, but subtle toxicity remains challenging to tackle. We introduce MaRCo, a detoxification algorithm that combines controllable generation and text rewriting methods using a Product of Experts with autoencoder language models (LMs). MaRCo uses likelihoods under a non-toxic LM (expert) and a toxic LM (anti-expert) to find candidate words to mask and potentially replace. We evaluate our method on several subtle toxicity and microaggressions datasets, and show that it not only outperforms baselines on automatic metrics, but MaRCo's rewrites are preferred 2.1 $\times$ more in human evaluation. Its applicability to instances of subtle toxicity is especially promising, demonstrating a path forward for addressing increasingly elusive online hate.

Multi-Exit models (MEMs) use an early-exit strategy to improve the accuracy and efficiency of deep neural networks (DNNs) by allowing samples to exit the network before the last layer. However, the effectiveness of MEMs in the presence of distribution shifts remains largely unexplored. Our work examines how distribution shifts generated by common image corruptions affect the accuracy/efficiency of MEMs. We find that under common corruptions, early-exiting at the first correct exit reduces the inference cost and provides a significant boost in accuracy ( 10%) over exiting at the last layer. However, with realistic early-exit strategies, which do not assume knowledge about the correct exits, MEMs still reduce inference cost but provide a marginal improvement in accuracy (1%) compared to exiting at the last layer. Moreover, the presence of distribution shift widens the gap between an MEM's maximum classification accuracy and realistic early-exit strategies by 5% on average compared with the gap on in-distribution data. Our empirical analysis shows that the lack of calibration due to a distribution shift increases the susceptibility of such early-exit strategies to exit early and increases misclassification rates. Furthermore, the lack of calibration increases the inconsistency in the predictions of the model across exits, leading to both inefficient inference and more misclassifications compared with evaluation on in-distribution data. Finally, we propose two metrics, underthinking and overthinking, that quantify the different behavior of practical early-exit strategy under distribution shifts, and provide insights into improving the practical utility of MEMs.

我们介绍了一种新颖的深度学习方法，用于使用高分辨率的多光谱空中图像在城市环境中检测单个树木。我们使用卷积神经网络来回归一个置信图，指示单个树的位置，该位置是使用峰查找算法本地化的。我们的方法通过检测公共和私人空间中的树木来提供完整的空间覆盖范围，并可以扩展到很大的区域。在我们的研究区域，跨越南加州的五个城市，我们的F评分为0.735，RMSE为2.157 m。我们使用我们的方法在加利福尼亚城市森林中生产所有树木的地图，这表明我们有可能在前所未有的尺度上支持未来的城市林业研究。

在全球范围内消除语言障碍的目标的驱动下，机器翻译已巩固自己是当今人工智能研究的关键重点。但是，这样的努力围绕着一小部分语言结合在一起，留下了绝大多数低资源的语言。在确保安全，高质量的结果的同时，在牢记道德考虑的同时，打破200个语言障碍需要什么？没有留下的语言，我们首先通过与母语人士的探索性访谈来解决对低资源语言翻译支持的必要性来应对这一挑战。然后，我们创建了旨在缩小低资源和高资源语言之间的性能差距的数据集和模型。更具体地说，我们开发了一种有条件的计算模型，基于专家的稀疏混合物，该模型经过针对针对低资源语言量身定制的新颖有效的数据挖掘技术培训的。我们提出了多次建筑和培训改进，以抵消数千个任务的培训。至关重要的是，我们使用人类翻译的基准，Flores-200评估了40,000多种不同的翻译方向的性能，并将人类评估与新型毒性基准相结合，涵盖Flores-200的所有语言，以评估翻译安全性。我们的模型相对于先前的最新技术，实现了44％BLEU的改善，为实现通用翻译系统奠定了重要的基础。最后，我们开源此工作中描述的所有贡献，可在https://github.com/facebookresearch/fairseq/tree/nllb上访问。

Generating realistic lip motion from audio to simulate speech production is critical for driving natural character animation. Previous research has shown that traditional metrics used to optimize and assess models for generating lip motion from speech are not a good indicator of subjective opinion of animation quality. Devising metrics that align with subjective opinion first requires understanding what impacts human perception of quality. In this work, we focus on the degree of articulation and run a series of experiments to study how articulation strength impacts human perception of lip motion accompanying speech. Specifically, we study how increasing under-articulated (dampened) and over-articulated (exaggerated) lip motion affects human perception of quality. We examine the impact of articulation strength on human perception when considering only lip motion, where viewers are presented with talking faces represented by landmarks, and in the context of embodied characters, where viewers are presented with photo-realistic videos. Our results show that viewers prefer over-articulated lip motion consistently more than under-articulated lip motion and that this preference generalizes across different speakers and embodiments.

对机器学习模型进行了训练，以最大程度地减少单个度量标准的平均损失，因此通常不考虑公平和稳健性。当培训数据不平衡或测试分布不同时，忽略培训中的这种指标可能会使这些模型容易违反公平。这项工作介绍了通过元学习（FormL）进行公平优化的重新加权，这是一种训练算法，通过共同学习培训样本权重和神经网络参数来平衡公平和鲁棒性与准确性。该方法通过学习通过动态重新重量从用户指定的保留集合中学到的数据来平衡分布的数据来平衡超额和代表性不足的子组的贡献来提高模型的公平性。 Forml提高了图像分类任务上的机会公平标准的平等性，减少了损坏的标签的偏见，并通过数据凝结促进了建立更多公平数据集。这些改进是在没有预处理数据或后处理模型输出的情况下实现的，而无需学习额外的加权函数，没有更改模型体系结构，而是在原始预测指标上保持准确性。